Compartment explosions induced by batteries

In line with the ongoing green transition, the use of lithium-ion batteries is expected to increase in the energy and transport sectors. It is important that the batteries are handled correctly to avoid them ending up in the critical state of thermal runaway.

Lithium-ion batteries are found in many devices

Lithium-ion batteries are now part of everyday life and can be found in many of our devices, such as computers, mobile phones and hand tools. Batteries are also used in larger applications such as battery storage, electric vehicles and also for propulsion of ships.  It is important that the lithium-ion batteries are handled correctly.

Damaged batteries and improper handling carry risks

Batteries that are damaged or handled incorrectly are at risk of ending up in a critical state where the battery heats up rapidly in a process called thermal runaway. During thermal runaway, a large amount of flammable gases are usually released that can ignite or lead to explosions if they accumulate in an enclosed space. 

Explosions are rare but can have serious consequences 

Explosions caused by batteries are uncommon but can have serious consequences with personal injury and material damage. Events such as the explosion in the battery compartment of the hybrid ferry MF Ytterøyningen in Norway in 2019 caused major damage to the ship. The same applies to the explosion at the McMicken battery energy storage facility in Arizona, where four firefighters had to be taken to hospital. These two serious incidents highlight the importance of understanding and reducing the risks associated with the use of lithium-ion batteries.

COMBAT increases knowledge and studies risks

The COMBAT project aims to increase knowledge and study the risks of lithium-ion batteries and thermal runaway on board ships, especially in enclosed spaces where flammable gases can accumulate. The focus will be on investigating how factors such as room volume, ventilation, activation of fire protection systems, thermal conditions and the state of charge of battery cells affect the risk of gas explosions due to thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries.

The study results in a report and a plan for a test plan

The study carried out within the COMBAT project will result in a report and a test plan for full-scale experiments and modelling. The goal is to identify the critical factors that can help avoid gas explosions caused by lithium-ion batteries in enclosed spaces.