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Moufida Mansouri
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'Black mass' analysis for battery recycling
To pave the way for optimizing battery recycling processes, a proper analysis of ‘black mass’ and spent battery components before and after recycling is very important.
Purpose
‘Black mass’ is the industry term used to describe the product obtained from crushing and shredding spent Li-ion batteries. It comprises a mixture of elements, including graphite, lithium, manganese, nickel, cobalt, electrolyte, separator, impurities, etc.
A comprehensive analysis protocol is essential for evaluating the black mass derived from various battery chemistries. This protocol should encompass all necessary property assessments before and after the recycling process. By identifying potential hazards and mitigating associated risks, the protocol ensures safe and efficient recycling operations.
Methods
Explore our Characterization
- Metals and impurities: The determination of compositions in ‘black mass’ and related materials can be effectively carried out using techniques such Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry ICP-OES, Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry ICP-MS, X-ray fluorescence XRF.
- Level of moisture: The level of moisture in the ‘black mass’ is determined using titration.
- HF-content: The content of HF can be determined using titration.
- PF6-content: The content of PF6 can be determined using Ion Chromatography, IC.
- Morphological analysis and particle size determination: The morphological characteristics, grain size, and composition can be determined using Scanning Electron microscopy SEM+EDS
- Electrolyte analysis using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry GC-MS:
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that is highly effective for analyzing ‘black mass’ such as determining the composition of carbonates. For example ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate etc.
Delivery
Report and results
